Empathy =
“The action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of either the past or present without having the feelings, thoughts, and experience fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner.” (https://www.merriam+webster/dictionary+empathy)
Post-Traumatic Growth =
A term used to describe the new growth that happens in someone’s life as a result of traumatic events and struggles. It is the positive
change, whether within the individual or within interpersonal relationships, that occurs alongside or after deep pain and woundedness.
Minimize =
Minimize= to make something appear much less harmful or negative than what it really is. Reducing something bad to look less significant using your words, attitudes or behaviors so that others won't see it for what it really is.
Gaslighting =
Gaslighting = A term taken from the 1944 movie “Gaslight” and which describes the manipulation tactics someone does to another person to cause them to question their own discernment and what is real.
DARVO =
“A term used to explain how someone places themselves in a victim position to avoid being accountable for their behaviors, combines manipulation, denial, lies, blame, projections, and gaslighting.” (Sheri Keffer, Intimate Deception:Healing the Wounds of Sexual Betrayal, (Grand Rapids, MI: Revell,2018), 245-246.)
DARVO stands for 1. Deny 2. Attack 3. Reverse 4. Victim 5. Offender
Betrayal Trauma =
“Trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival.” (Freyd, J.J. (2008) Betrayal trauma. In G. Reyes, J.D. Elhai, & J.D.Ford (Eds) Encyclopedia of Psychological Trauma. (p. 76). New York: John Wiley & Sons.)
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